Cataract Formation Following Intraoperative and Postoperative Tamponade Use in Vitreoretinal Surgery: Treatment Strategies and Current Approaches

Vitreoretinal surgery remains the gold standard approach for the management of serious retinal disorders such as retinal detachment, macular hole, diabetic retinopathy, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The key to surgical success lies in the appropriate selection and application of intraocular tamponade agents. Air, expansile gases (SF6, C³F8), and silicone oil provide mechanical support within the vitreous cavity, promoting retinal reattachment and preserving postoperative anatomical integrity. However, both early and late complications associated with tamponade use have been reported, among which cataract formation is one of the most significant. This review comprehensively addresses the pathophysiology, risk factors, and current surgical and medical management strategies for cataracts developing after intraoperative and postoperative tamponade application.