Acute and chronic occlusive disorders of the choroidal vasculature (ischemias)

Choroidal ischemia is a less common finding than retinal and optic nerve lesions due to difficulties in its evaluation, which may be caused by systemic diseases and/or local vascular disorders. Indocyanine green angiography is the most valuable imaging method for visualizing the choroidal circulation. Today, the use of optical coherence tomography angiography and enhanced depth optical coherence tomography has significantly improved the understanding of the choroid. In this way, it has been shown that the underlying cause in the pathogenesis of many retinal diseases may be choroidal circulatory disorders. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of acute and chronic occlusive disorders (ischemias) of the choroidal vasculature.