Choroidal Neovascularization in Congenital Disorders of the Optic Nerve

One of the leading causes of vision loss in developed countries is choroidal neovascularization which, in older people, is associated with age-related macular degeneration. Although idiopathic cases exist, choroidal neovascular membranes in younger age groups are often caused by pathologic myopia and ocular hystoplasmosis. A small amount of the peripapillary choroidal neovascularization cases in this age group are caused by congenital optic nerve diseases. In this section, isolated congenital optic nerve anomalies in which neurological disorders does not exist, such as tilted disc, optic disc drusen, optic pit, and myelinated nerve fiber and anomalies showing serious neurological deficits such as optic disc coloboma, morning glory anomaly, and optic nerve hypoplasia can be caunted. This review will focus on the pathophysiology and treatment of congenital optic nerve diseases when encountered alongside neovascular membranes.