Advanced Vitrectomy Surgery Applications in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment; Indications and Techniques

The main goal in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is localization of retinal tears, removal of tractions and closure of retinal tears.Despite the use of pneumatic retinopexy, scleral buckling and vitrectomy as standard treatment modalities, the preference for pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the treatment of RRD has increased steadily in recent years. The reason of this increase are the widespread use of small-sized transconjunctival surgery, improvement of bimanual surgery, use of liquid perfluorocarbons, improved vitrectomy devices and more safe and successful removing of peripheral vitreous bases, visualization of membranes with vital dyes, safe retinopexy with use of curved laser probe even with phakic cases. Besides these, PPV and advanced surgical techniques are more needed in complicated detachments. Nevertheless, the surgeon has a especially important role in the surgical technique of choice. Although the control of the procedures can be performed much more successfully with the PPV in the case of complicated RRD patients during surgery, anatomical success rates are still not very high. In this article, the applications of advanced vitrectomy surgery in RRD are discussed in detail.