Interferons in the Treatment of Behçet Uveitis

Behçet disease is a multisystem vasculitis with unknown etiology. Ocular involvement, especially posterior segment involvement is the most devastating manifestation of the disease and is absolute indication for immunosuppressive treatment. However, immunosuppression with conventional agents may be inadequate to prevent destructive uveitis attacks and consequently visual loss. Interferons that constitute the next step of the treatment are the cytokines, which have antiviral, antiproliferative, and imunomodulatory features. They are quite effective in the treatment of Behçet uveitis. They prevent recurrent attacks and improve visual prognosis. They are used successfully in the treatment of macular edema and retinal neovascularizations. Furthermore they provide long-term remission after secession of interferon treatment. The aim of this review is to summarize the mechanism of action and the effectivity and safety of interferons in the treatment of Behçet uveitis.