Macular Pseudohole: Pathophysiology, Classification, Clinical Findings, Diagnosis And Treatment

Macular pseudohole is characterised by a spesific appearance of epiretinal membranes (ERM) that spares the foveal center resembling a macular hole in ophthalmoscopic examination. Foveal center is displaced by the contraction of ERM. The differential diagnosis of pseudoholes from full thickness and lamellar macular holes may not be easy. Natural history of macular psedoholes is good but vision may decrease if the distortion in foveal center increases.The outcome of early surgical treatment of full thickness macular holes is good and several methods and tests have been used for the differential diagnosis of full thickness macular holes and pseudoholes. The diagnosis, determination of pathogenetic mechanisms and subgroups of macular pseudoholes have become relatively easy after the availability of optical coherence tomography in ophthalmological practice. The macular pseudoholes may be classified as a subgroup of ERM’s and the treatment is either observation or vitreoretinal surgery with a good outcome in cases with decreased visual acuity.