Pathophysiology, Classification, Clinical findings, Diagnosis and Treatment of Secondary Epiretinal Membrane

Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a common disease of the vitreoretinal interface and is a fibrocelluler formation located on internal limiting membrane (ILM). It is divided into idiopathic or secondary ERM according to the presence of underlying ocular disease. Secondary ERM is associated with intraocular inflammation, retinal vascular diseases, trauma, laser photocoagulation, and intraocular surgery whereas idiopathic ERM is not associated with any ocular disease. Today, although the mechanism of formation of the secondary membranes is not fully understood, it is considered as abnormal wound healing. Treatment strategies are follow-up or surgery according to the level of vision and symptoms of the patient.